Python with MySQL Connectivity: Database & Table [Examples]

In order to use MySQL connectivity with Python, you must have some knowledge of SQL

Before diving deep, let’s understand

What is MySQL?

MySQL is an Open-Source database and one of the best type of RDBMS (Relational Database Management System). Co-founder of MySQLdb is Michael Widenius’s, and also MySQL name derives from the daughter of Michael.

How to Install MySQL Connector Python on Windows, Linux/Unix

Install MySQL in Linux/Unix:

Download RPM package for Linux/Unix from Official site: https://www.mysql.com/downloads/

In terminal use following command

rpm  -i <Package_name>

Example   rpm -i MySQL-5.0.9.0.i386.rpm

To check in Linux

Install MySQL in Windows

Download MySQL database exe from official site and install as usual normal installation of software in Windows. Refer this tutorial, for a step by step guide

How to Install MySQL Connector Library for Python

Here is how to connect MySQL with Python:

For Python 2.7 or lower install using pip as:

pip install mysql-connector

For Python 3 or higher version install using pip3 as:

pip3 install mysql-connector

Test the MySQL Database connection with Python

To test MySQL database connectivity in Python here, we will use pre-installed MySQL connector and pass credentials into connect() function like host, username and password as shown in the below Python MySQL connector example.

Syntax to access MySQL with Python:

import mysql.connector
	db_connection = mysql.connector.connect(
  	host="hostname",
  	user="username",
  	passwd="password"
    )

Example:

import mysql.connector
db_connection = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="root"
)
print(db_connection)

Output:

<mysql.connector.connection.MySQLConnection object at 0x000002338A4C6B00>

Here output shows the connection created successfully.

Creating Database in MySQL using Python

Syntax to Create new database in SQL is

CREATE DATABASE "database_name"

Now we create database using database programming in Python

import mysql.connector
  db_connection = mysql.connector.connect(
  host= "localhost",
  user= "root",
  passwd= "root"
  )
# creating database_cursor to perform SQL operation
db_cursor = db_connection.cursor()
# executing cursor with execute method and pass SQL query
db_cursor.execute("CREATE DATABASE my_first_db")
# get list of all databases
db_cursor.execute("SHOW DATABASES")
#print all databases
for db in db_cursor:
	print(db)

Output:

Here above image shows the my_first_db database is created

Create a Table in MySQL with Python

Let’s create a simple table “student” which has two columns as shown in the below MySQL connector Python example.

SQL Syntax:

CREATE  TABLE student (id INT, name VARCHAR(255))

Example:

import mysql.connector
  db_connection = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="root",
  database="my_first_db"
  )
db_cursor = db_connection.cursor()
#Here creating database table as student'
db_cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE student (id INT, name VARCHAR(255))")
#Get database table'
db_cursor.execute("SHOW TABLES")
for table in db_cursor:
	print(table)

Output:

 ('student',)

Create a Table with Primary Key

Let’s create an Employee table with three different columns. We will add a primary key in id column with AUTO_INCREMENT constraint as shown in the below Python project with database connectivity.

SQL Syntax:

CREATE TABLE employee(id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255), salary INT(6))

Example:

import mysql.connector
  db_connection = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="root",
  database="my_first_db"
  )
db_cursor = db_connection.cursor()
#Here creating database table as employee with primary key
db_cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE employee(id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255), salary INT(6))")
#Get database table
db_cursor.execute("SHOW TABLES")
for table in db_cursor:
	print(table)

Output:

('employee',) ('student',)

ALTER table in MySQL with Python

Alter command is used for modification of Table structure in SQL. Here we will alter Student table and add a primary key to the id field as shown in the below Python MySQL connector project.

SQL Syntax:

ALTER TABLE student MODIFY id INT PRIMARY KEY

Example:

import mysql.connector
  db_connection = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="root",
  database="my_first_db"
  )
db_cursor = db_connection.cursor()
#Here we modify existing column id
db_cursor.execute("ALTER TABLE student MODIFY id INT PRIMARY KEY")

Output:

Here below you can see the id column is modified.

Insert Operation with MySQL in Python:

Let’s perform insertion operation in MySQL Database table which we already create. We will insert data oi STUDENT table and EMPLOYEE table.

SQL Syntax:

INSERT INTO student (id, name) VALUES (01, "John")
INSERT INTO employee (id, name, salary) VALUES(01, "John", 10000)

Example:

import mysql.connector
  db_connection = mysql.connector.connect(
  host="localhost",
  user="root",
  passwd="root",
  database="my_first_db"
  )
db_cursor = db_connection.cursor()
student_sql_query = "INSERT INTO student(id,name) VALUES(01, 'John')"
employee_sql_query = " INSERT INTO employee (id, name, salary) VALUES (01, 'John', 10000)"
#Execute cursor and pass query as well as student data
db_cursor.execute(student_sql_query)
#Execute cursor and pass query of employee and data of employee
	db_cursor.execute(employee_sql_query)
db_connection.commit()
print(db_cursor.rowcount, "Record Inserted")

Output:

 2 Record Inserted